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Oiniades is an Acarnanian ancient city of the 5th century, 25 km. west of Μessolonghi, near Katohi village, and is one of the most important archaeological sites οf Etoloakarnania
Built near the mouth of Acheloos river, it was a coast city and one of the Echinades Islands. Rumor has it that the city took its name from the Etolian king Aeneas, while during the Middle Ages it went by the name Trikardokastro, as also called the ruins of the ancient city walls today.
Among the most important findings of the area is the ancient wall, which has survived to date and has 14 gates, along with the theater, which has an audience seating capacity of 3,000 persons and where the Festival of Ancient Theatre at Oiniades is annually held.
Panagiotis Palamas, the ancestor of the Palamanians was born in 1722 at a house of architectural distinction.
The same residence has been also the birthplace of our National poet Kostis Palamas, after he became an orphan in 1865 and went to the house of his father’s brother Dimitrios. Here, Kostis Palamas stayed until he completed his education and wrote his first poems. In the halls, corridors, and balcony conservatory of the house, one can find personal items, paintings, and documents from his life and great deeds.
The wall of Messolonghi was designed by the engineer, Michalis Kokkinis after Mavrokordatos order and was built by the Free Besieged. The construction of the wall began March 7th, 1823 and was completed by the end of 1824. The original wall was much larger in length than the current one, and used to cover the entire north side of Messolonghi, connecting the city with the land.
In the heroic Exodus, the wall was almost entirely destroyed, and was rebuilt by king Otto, in 1838 in memory of the fallen. Today's Gate also features prominently and is located in the same place where the old one used to be. Outside the main gate, there is a sign which has the following written on it: Every Free Man is a Citizen of Messolonghi, reminding every visitor the heroic sacrifice of the Free Besieged.